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  ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 1 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated description the ap2166 and ap2176 are integrated high-side power switches optimized for universal serial bus (usb) and other hot-swap applications. the family of devices complies with usb 2.0 and available with both polarities of enable input. they offer current and thermal limiting and short circuit protection as well as controlled rise time and under-voltage lockout functionality. a 7ms deglitch capability on the open- drain flag output prevents false over-current reporting and does not require any external components. all devices are available in so-8 and msop-8ep packages. features ? dual usb port power switches ? over-current and thermal protection ? 1.5a accurate current limiting ? reverse current blocking ? 90m ? on-resistance ? input voltage rang e: 2.7v ? 5.5v ? 0.6ms typical rise time ? very low shutdown current: 1ua (max) ? fault report (flg) with blanking time (7ms typ.) ? esd protection: 6kv hbm, 300v mm ? active high (ap2176) or active low (ap2166) enable ? ambient temperature range -40oc to 85c ? so-8 and msop-8ep (exposed pad): available in ?green? molding compound (no br, sb) ? lead free finish / rohs compliant (note 1) ? ul recognized, file number e322375 ? iec60950-1 cb scheme certified pin assignments 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 out1 in out2 gnd en1 en2 flg2 flg1 so-8 (top view) 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 out 1 in out 2 gnd en1 en2 flg2 flg1 (top view) msop-8ep applications ? consumer electronics ? lcd tv & monitor, game machines ? communications ? set-top-box, gps, smartphone ? computing ? laptop, desktop, servers, printers, docking station, hub note: 1. eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs). all applicable rohs exemptions applied, see eu directive 2002/95/ec annex notes . typical application circuit 0.1uf in gnd en2 out1 on 68uf power supply 2.7v to 5.5v 0.1uf off flg1 load 10k 10k flg2 en1 out2 68uf 0.1uf load 10uf available options part number channel enable pin (en) current limit (typ.) recommended maximum continuous load current ap2166 2 active low 1.5a 1.0a ap2176 2 active high 1.5a 1.0a
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 2 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated pin descriptions pin name pin number descriptions en1 1 switch 1 enable input, active low (ap2166) or active high (ap2176) flg1 2 switch 1 over-current and over-temperature fault report, open-drain flg2 3 switch 2 over-current and over-temperature fault report, open-drain en2 4 switch 2 enable input, active low (ap2166) or active high (ap2176) out2 5 switch 2 voltage output pin gnd 6 ground in 7 voltage input pin out1 8 switch 1 voltage output pin functional block diagram reverse blocking thermal sense driver flg2 out2 gnd in en2 uvlo current limit cs deglitch reverse blocking thermal sense driver uvlo current limit cs d eglitch out1 flg1 en1 gnd
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 3 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated absolute maximum ratings (t a = 25 c) symbol parameter ratings units esd hbm human body model esd protection 6 kv esd mm machine model esd protection 300 v v in input voltage 6.5 v v out output voltage v in + 0.3 v v en , v flg enable voltage 6.5 v i load maximum continuous load current internal limited a t jmax maximum junction temperature 150 c t st storage temperature range (note 2) -65 ~ 150 c note: 2. ul recognized rating from -30c to 70c recommended operating conditions symbol parameter min max units v in input voltage 2.7 5.5 v i out output current 0 1.0 a t a operating ambient tem perature -40 85 c electrical characteristics (t a = 25 c, c in = 10f, v in = +5.0v, unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test conditions min typ. max unit v uvlo input uvlo r load =1k ? 1.6 1.9 2.5 v i shdn input shutdown current disabled, i out = 0 0.5 1 a i q input quiescent current, dual enabled, i out = 0 95 140 a i leak input leakage current disabled, out grounded 1 a i rev reverse leakage current disabled, v in = 0v, v out = 5v, i rev at v in 1 a r ds(on) switch on-resistance v in = 5v, i out = 1a, -40 o c t a 85 o c msop-8ep 90 135 m ? so-8 100 135 m ? v in = 3.3v, i out = 1a, -40 o c t a 85 o c 120 160 m ? i short short-circuit current limit enabled into short circuit, c l =68f 1.5 a i limit over-load current limit v in = 5v, v out = 4.6v, c l =120f, -40 o c t a 85 o c 1.1 1.5 1.9 a i trig current limiting trigger threshold v in = v en , output current slew rate (<100a/s), c l =68 f 2.0 a t short short-circuit response time v out = 0v to i out = i limit (short applied to output), c l = 68f 20 s v il en input logic low voltage v in = 2.7v to 5.5v 0.8 v v ih en input logic high voltage v in = 2.7v to 5.5v 2 v i sink en input leakage v en = 5v 1 a
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 4 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated electrical characteristics (cont.) (t a = 25 c, c in = 10f, v in = +5.0v, unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test conditions min typ. max unit t d(on) output turn-on delay time c l =1f, r load =10 ? 0.05 ms t r output turn-on rise time c l =1f, r load =10 ? 0.6 1.5 ms t d(off) output turn-off delay time c l =1f, r load =10 ? 0.01 ms t f output turn-off fall time c l =1f, r load =10 ? 0.05 0.1 ms r flg flg output fet on-resistance i flg = 10ma 20 40 ? i foh error flag off current v flg = 5v 0.01 1 a t blank flg blanking time c l =68f 4 7 15 ms t shdn thermal shutdown threshold enabled, r load =1k ? 140 c t hys thermal shutdown hysteresis 25 c ja thermal resistance junction-to- ambient so-8 (note 3) 110 o c/w msop-8ep (note 4) 60 o c/w notes: 3. test condition for so-8: device mounted on fr-4 2- layer board, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad layout. 4. test condition for msop-8ep: device mounted on fr-4 2-la yer board, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad on top layer an d 3 vias to bottom layer ground plane. typical performance characteristics v en 90% v out t d(on) 10% t d(off) 50% 50% t r 10% 90% t f v en 90% v out t d(on) 10% t d(off) 50% 50% t r 10% 90% t f figure 1. voltage waveforms: ap2166 (left), ap2176 (right) all enable plots are for ap2176 active high 500s/div channel 1 turn-on delay and rise time 500s/div channel 1 turn-off delay and fall time vout 1 2v/div ven 1 5v/div c l =1uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 1 2v/div ven 1 5v/div c l =1uf t a =25c r l =10 ?
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 5 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) 500s/div channel 2 turn-on delay and rise time 500s/div channel 2 turn-off delay and fall time 500s/div channel 1 turn-on delay and rise time 500s/div channel 1 turn-off delay and fall time 500s/div channel 2 turn-on delay and rise time 500s/div channel 2 turn-off delay and fall time vout 2 2v/div ven 2 5v/div c l =1uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 2 2v/div ven 2 5v/div c l =1uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 1 2v/div ven 1 5v/div c l =100uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 1 2v/div ven 1 5v/div c l =100uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 2 2v/div ven 2 5v/div c l =100uf t a =25c r l =10 ? vout 2 2v/div ven 2 5v/div c l =100uf t a =25c r l =10 ?
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 6 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) 500s/div channel 1 short circuit current, device enabled into short 500s/div channel 2 short circuit current, device enabled into short 1ms/div channel 1 inrush current 1ms/div channel 2 inrush current 2ms/div channel 1 1 ? load connected to enabled device 2ms/div channel 1 2 ? load connected to enabled device iout 1 500ma/div ven 1 5v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf iout 2 500ma/div ven 2 5v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf iout 1 1a/div vflag 1 2v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf iout 1 1a/div vflag 1 2v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf ven 2 5v/div iout 1 200ma/div ven 1 5v/div v in =5v t a =25c r l =5 ? c l =470uf c l =220uf c l =100uf iout 2 200ma/div v in =5v t a =25c r l =5 ? c l =470uf c l =220uf c l =100uf
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 7 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) 2ms/div channel 2 1 ? load connected to enabled device 2ms/div channel 2 2 ? load connected to enabled device 20ms/div channel 1 short circuit with blanking time and recovery 20ms/div channel 2 short circuit with blanking time and recovery 1ms/div channel 1 power on 1ms/div channel 2 power on iout 2 1a/div vflag 2 2v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf iout 2 1a/div vflag 2 2v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf vin 5v/div vflag 5v/div t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? iout 500ma/div ven 5v/div vin 5v/div vflag 5v/div iout 500ma/div ven 5v/div t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? iout 1a/div vout 5v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf vflag 5v/div iout 500ma/div iout 1a/div vout 5v/div v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 8 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) 1ms/div channel 1 uvlo increasing 10ms/div channel 1 uvlo decreasing 1ms/div channel 2 uvlo increasing 10ms/div channel 2 uvlo decreasing 100ms/div channel 1 enabled and shorted with channel 2 disabled 50ms/div channel 1 disabled and channel 2 enabled iout 500ma/div vin 2v/div vin 2v/div iout 500ma/div t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? iout 500ma/div vin 2v/div vin 2v/div iout 500ma/div t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? t a =25c c l =68uf r l =5 ? vout 2 5v/div iout 2 500ma/div t a =25c c l =68uf vout 1 5v/div vflag 1 5v/div vout 1 5v/div vout 2 5v/div t a =25c c l =68uf ven1 5v/div ven2 5v/div
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 9 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) turn-on time vs input voltage 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 1.522.533.544.555.56 input voltage (v) turn-on time (us) turn-off time vs input voltage 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 input voltage (v) turn-off time (us) rise time vs input voltage 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 22.533.544.555.56 input voltage (v) rise time (us) fall time vs input voltage 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22.533.544.555.56 input voltage (v) fall time (us) supply current, output enabled vs ambient temperature 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ambient temperature (c) supply current, output enabled (ua) supply current, output disabled vs ambient temperature 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ambient temperature (c) supply current, output disabled (ua) c l =1uf r l =10 ? t a =25c c l =1uf r l =10 ? t a =25c vin=2.7v vin=5.0v vin=3.3v vin=5.5v vin=5.0v vin=5.5v vin=3.3v vin=2.7v c l =1uf r l =10 ? t a =25c c l =1uf r l =10 ? t a =25c
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 10 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated typical performance characteristics (cont.) static drain-source on-state resistance vs ambient temperature 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ambient temperature (c) static drain-source on-state resistance (m ? ) short-circuit output current vs ambient temperature 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ambient temperature (c) short-circuit output current (a) undervoltage lockout vs ambient temperature 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ambient temperature (c) undervoltage lockout (v) threshold trip current vs input voltage 1.88 1.89 1.90 1.91 1.92 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 input voltage (v) threshold trip current (a) current limit response vs peak current 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 024681 01 2 peak current (a) current limit response (us) vin=2.7v vin=3.3v vin=5v vin=2.7v vin=3.3v vin=5.0v vin = 5.5v c l =100uf uvlo falling uvlo rising t a =25c c l =68uf v in =5v t a =25c c l =68uf
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 11 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated application information power supply considerations a 0.01- f to 0.1- f x7r or x5r ceramic bypass capacitor between in and gnd, close to the device, is recommended. placing a high-val ue electrolytic capacitor on the input (10- f minimum) and output pin(s) is recommended when the output load is heavy. this precaution reduces power-supply transients that may cause ringing on the input. additionally, bypassing the output with a 0.01- f to 0.1- f ceramic capacitor improves the immunity of the device to short-circuit transients. over-current and short circuit protection an internal sensing fet is employed to check for over- current conditions. unlike cu rrent-sense resistors, sense fets do not increase the series resistance of the current path. when an overcurrent c ondition is detected, the device maintains a constant output current and reduces the output voltage accordingly. complete shutdown occurs only if the fault stays long enough to activate thermal limiting. three possible overload conditi ons can occur. in the first condition, the out put has been shorted to gnd before the device is enabled or before vin has been applied. the ap2166/ap2176 senses the short circuit and immediately clamps output curr ent to a certain safe level namely i limit . in the second condition, an output short or an overload occurs while the device is e nabled. at the instance the overload occurs, higher current may flow for a very short period of time before the curr ent limit function can react. after the current limit functi on has tripped (reached the over-current trip threshold), the device switches into current limiting mode and t he current is clamped at i limit . in the third condition, the load has been gradually increased beyond the recommended operating current. the current is permitted to rise until the current-limit threshold (i trig ) is reached or until the thermal limit of the device is exceeded. t he ap2166/ap2176 is capable of delivering current up to the current-limit threshold without damaging the device. once the threshold has been reached, the device switches into its current limiting mode and is set at i limit . note that when the output has been shorted to gnd at extremely low temperature (< -30 o c), a minimum 120- f electrolytic capacitor on the output pin is recommended. a correct capacitor type with capacitor voltage rating and temperature characteristics must be properly chosen so that capacitance value does not drop too low at the extremely low temperatur e operation. a recommended capacitor should have temperatur e characteristics of less than 10% variation of capacitance change when operated at extremely low temp. our recommended aluminum electrolytic capacitor type is panasonic fc series. flg response when an over-current or over-temperature shutdown condition is encountered, the flg open-drain output goes active low after a nominal 7-ms deglitch timeout. the flg output remains low until both over-current and over-temperature conditions are removed. connecting a heavy capacitive load to the output of the device can cause a momentary over-curr ent condition, which does not trigger the flg due to the 7-ms deglitch timeout. the ap2166/ap2176 is designed to eliminate false over- current reporting without the need of external components to remove unwanted pulses. power dissipation and junction temperature the low on-resistance of the internal mosfet allows the small surface-mount packages to pass large current. using the maximum operatin g ambient temperature (t a ) and r ds(on) , the power dissipation can be calculated by: p d = r ds(on) i 2 finally, calculate the junction temperature: t j = p d x r ja + t a where: t a = ambient temperature c r ja = thermal resistance p d = total power dissipation thermal protection thermal protection prevents the ic from damage when heavy-overload or short-circ uit faults are present for extended periods of time. the ap2166/ap2176 implements a thermal sensing to monitor the operating junction temperature of the power distribution switch. once the die temperature rises to approximately 140c due to excessive power dissipation in an over-current or short-circuit condition the internal thermal sense circuitry turns the power switch off, thus preventing the power switch from damage. hysteresis is built into the thermal sense circuit allowing the device to cool down approximately 25c before the switch turns back on. the switch continues to cycle in this manner until the load fault or input power is removed. the flg open-drain output is asserted when an ov er-temperature shutdown or over-current occurs with 7-ms deglitch. under-voltage lockout (uvlo) under-voltage lockout function (uvlo) keeps the internal power switch from being turned on until the power supply has reached at least 1.9v, ev en if the switch is enabled. whenever the input voltage falls below approximately 1.9v, the power switch is quickly turned off. this facilitates the design of hot-ins ertion systems where it is not possible to turn off the power switch before input power is removed.
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 12 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated application information (cont.) host/self-powered hubs hosts and self-powered hubs (sph) have a local power supply that powers the embedded functions and the downstream ports (see figure 2). this power supply must provide from 5.25v to 4.75v to the board side of the downstream connection under both full-load and no-load conditions. hosts and sphs are required to have current- limit protection and must report over-current conditions to the usb controller. typical sphs are desktop pcs, monitors, printers, and stand-alone hubs. 3.3v in gnd en2 power supply usb controller flg2 out1 68uf 0.1uf 5v downstream usb ports d+ d- v bus gnd ap2166 0.1uf en1 flg1 out2 68uf 0.1uf d+ d- v bus gnd figure 2. typical two-port usb host/ self-powered hub generic hot-plug applications in many applications it may be necessary to remove modules or pc boards while the main unit is still operating. these are consid ered hot-plug applications. such implementations requir e the control of current surges seen by the main power supply and the card being inserted. the most effective way to control these surges is to limit and slowly ramp the current and voltage being applied to the card, similar to the way in which a power supply normally turns on. due to the controlled rise times and fall times of the ap2166/ap2176, these devices can be used to provide a softer start-up to devices being hot-plugged into a powered system. the uvlo feature of the ap2166/ap2176 also ensures that the switch is off after the card has been removed, and that the switch is off during the next insertion. by placing the ap2166/ap2176 between the v cc input and the rest of the circuitr y, the input power reaches these devices first after inserti on. the typical rise time of the switch is approximately 1m s, providing a slow voltage ramp at the output of the device. this implementation controls system surge cu rrent and provides a hot- plugging mechanism for any device. ordering information ? a p 21 x 6 x x g -13 6 : active low 7 : active high g : green 13 : tape & reel 6 : 2 channel channel green package enable packing s : so-8 mp : msop-8ep device package code packaging (note 5) 13? tape and reel quantity part number suffix ap21x6sg-13 s so-8 2500/tape & reel -13 ap21x6mpg-13 mp msop-8ep 2500/tape & reel -13 note: 5. pad layout as shown on diodes inc. suggested pad layout document ap02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes .com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 13 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated marking information (1) so-8 ap21x x ( top view ) yy ww x x part number logo ww : week : 01~52; 52 yy : year : 08, 09,10~ g : green x : internal code 8765 1 2 34 6 : active low 7 : active high 6 : 2 channel represents 52 and 53 week (2) msop-8ep ap21x x ( top view ) y w x e part number logo y : year : 0~9 a~z : green 87 65 1 234 6 : active low 7 : active high 6 : 2 channel a~z : 27~52 week; z represents w : week : a~z : 1~26 week; 52 and 53 week msop-8l-ep package outline dimensions (all dimensions in mm) (1) package type: so-8 so-8 dim min max a - 1.75 a 1 0.10 0.20 a 2 1.30 1.50 a 3 0.15 0.25 b 0.3 0.5 d 4.85 4.95 e 5.90 6.10 e1 3.85 3.95 e 1.27 typ h - 0.35 l 0.62 0.82 0 8 a ll dimensions in mm gauge plane seating plane detail ?a? detail ?a? e e1 h l d e b a2 a1 a 45 7 ~ 9 a3 0.254
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 14 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated package outline dimensions (cont.) (all dimensions in mm) (2) msop-8ep msop-8ep dim min typ. max a - 1.10 - a 1 0.05 0.15 0.10 a 2 0.75 0.95 0.86 b 0.22 0.38 0.30 c 0.08 0.23 0.15 d 2.90 3.10 3.00 d1 1.65 - 1.95 e 4.70 5.10 4.90 e1 2.90 3.00 3.10 e2 1.35 - 1.65 e - - 0.65 l 0.40 0.80 0.60 a 0 8 4 a ll dimensions in mm l gauge plane see detail c d a 1 a 2 a e a detail c b c e1 e d d1 e2
ap2166/ap2176 1a dual channel curren t-limited power switch ap2166/ap 2176 document number: ds31814 rev. 2 - 2 15 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2011 ? diodes incorporated important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or ot her changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liabi lity arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products desc ribed herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diodes incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthoriz ed sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fee s arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized a pplication. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support dev ices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 2011, diodes incorporated www.diodes.com


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